Thursday, April 3, 2008

The difference between fetal and adult circulation

The fetal circulation has many openings to enhance its circulation:


1. The presence of Umbilical vein and arteries to deliver blood from and into the placenta.

2. The oval foramen between left and right atrium that establish Right to Left shunt

3. The Venosus duct (Arantii) delivering blood directly into the inferior caval vein instead flowing through the liver sinusoid.

4. The Arteriosus duct (Botali) between aorta and pulmonal vein to give blood to the lungs

These differences should be kept in mind especially by students to understand the

pathophysiology of congenital heart diseases.

1 comment:

Anonymous said...

Doc, I wanna Thank u 4 this information, i'll keep it in my mind :)

Cardiac Failure caused by Hyperthyreoidism by Agus KL

Nowdays people always think that a cardiovascular and Hyperthyroidism are not related, after research had been done and from the way of the common pathophysiologies both of the syndrome has a connection from the systemic effect and to the adrenal gland. Thyrotoxicosis is one of the thyroid problems that needs a serious treatment and will effect the heart to become pathophysiological. . Meanwhile, on our community, hyperthyroid is known to be a disease that only locates in the neck The frequent occurrence of cardiac manifestations in hyperthyroid patients can be the result of thyrotoxicosis itself, A hyperthyroidms can become thyrotoxicosis and so it's affecting the heart. Patients with hyperthyroid heart disease frequently complain about symptoms related to chronotropic alterations. So all above both the syndromes are related and will always have the problems that sometimes we ignore, Amiodarone is a drug that can be used to the people suffering CHF and hyperthyroid. Amiodarone is an iodine-rich benzofuran derivative and an effective drug against a wide range of cardiac arrhythmias,it is also has a effect to the heart.

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Gender identity disorder, mostly manifest as cross-gender identity, in adulthood virtually always causes distress to the individual, and cross-gender identity in childhood represents a distinct risk of cross-gender identity in adulthood. Gender Identity Disorder at any age, therefore, is regarded as a disorder and a possible reason for clinical intervention. Many persons with gender identity problems—particularly those functioning well in other areas of life—dislike the classification of such problems as psychiatric disorders because they regard all psychiatric diagnoses as stigmatizing. For this reason, activists in the transsexual community have proposed alternative conceptualizations. These include the argument that transsexualism is a somatic rather than a psychiatric condition. This position cannot at present be justified on medical or scientific grounds. Therefore, the best solution to the problem of psychiatric nosology is to retain the classification of severe gender identity problems as psychiatric disorders that gender identity disorders can be quite circumscribed in their effects, leaving the individual free to function in other areas of life at a satisfactory or even outstanding level.

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by Nurul Amalia